Aliexpress Daniel in the Lions Den Mezzotint Wall Art
Although Peter Paul Rubens' depiction shows Daniel every bit a young man (top), Daniel would have been over eighty years old at the fourth dimension of this incident,[1] making Briton Rivière's motion-picture show (bottom) more authentic.
Daniel in the lions' den (chapter six of the Volume of Daniel) tells of how the biblical Daniel is saved from lions by the God of Israel "because I was found blameless earlier him" (Daniel 6:22).[2] Information technology parallels and complements affiliate 3, the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: each begins with the jealousy of non-Jews towards successful Jews and an majestic edict requiring them to compromise their organized religion, and concludes with divine deliverance and a rex who confesses the greatness of the God of the Jews and issues an edict of regal protection.[three] The tales making upward chapters one–6 of Daniel engagement no earlier than the Hellenistic menses (3rd to 2nd century BC)[iv] and were probably originally independent, but were nerveless in the mid-2nd century BC and expanded shortly subsequently with the visions of the later capacity to produce the modern book.[5]
The final part of Daniel 14, within the deuterocanonical additions to Daniel, likewise describes an incident when Daniel is thrown into a lions' den.[six]
Summary of the biblical narrative [edit]
In Daniel 6, Daniel is raised to loftier function past his royal master Darius the Mede. Daniel'southward jealous rivals trick Darius into issuing a decree that for thirty days no prayers should be addressed to any god or man but Darius himself; anyone who disobeys this edict is to be thrown to the lions. Daniel continues to pray daily to the God of State of israel, and the king, although deeply distressed, must condemn Daniel to death, for the edicts of the Medes and Persians cannot be contradistinct. Hoping for Daniel'south deliverance, he has him cast into the pit. At daybreak the king hurries to the place and cries out anxiously, asking if God had saved his friend. Daniel replies that his God had sent an angel to close the jaws of the lions, "because I was plant blameless before him". The king commands that those who had conspired confronting Daniel be thrown to the lions in his place with their wives and children, and that the whole earth should tremble and fear before the God of Daniel.[7]
Composition and construction [edit]
It is generally accepted that the Book of Daniel originated as a collection of folktales among the Babylonian captivity, the Jewish community living in Babylon and Mesopotamia, in the Western farsi and Hellenistic periods (fifth to second centuries BC).[eight] Chapters iv–6, which includes the tale of Daniel in the lions' den, may belong to the primeval stage, as these differ quite markedly in the oldest texts.[9] Although the unabridged book is traditionally ascribed to Daniel the seer, the tales of chapters 1–vi, including the story of the lion's den, are the voice of an anonymous narrator (except for chapter 4 which is in the form of a letter from male monarch Nebuchadnezzar).[ten] It is possible that the name of Daniel was chosen for the hero because of his reputation as a wise seer in Hebrew tradition.[11]
Chapters two–vii are in Aramaic, and are in the clear form of a chiasm (a poetic structure in which the primary point or message of a passage is placed in the centre and framed by further repetitions on either side):[12]
- A. (2:4b-49) – A dream of four kingdoms replaced by a fifth
- B. (3:1–30) – Daniel's three friends in the fiery furnace
- C. (four:1–37) – Daniel interprets a dream for Nebuchadnezzar
- C'. (5:1–31) – Daniel interprets the handwriting on the wall for Belshazzar
- B'. (vi:1–28) – Daniel in the lions' den
- B. (3:1–30) – Daniel's three friends in the fiery furnace
- A'. (seven:1–28) – A vision of 4 world kingdoms replaced by a fifth
The story of Daniel in the lions' den in chapter 6 is paired with the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego and the "fiery furnace" in Daniel 3. The parallels include the jealousy of non-Jews, an royal edict requiring Jews to compromise their organized religion on pain of death, and divine deliverance. Each story climaxes with the rex confessing the greatness of the God of the Jews and issuing an edict of royal protection. In each example life is preserved through divine presence in the fire or the pit.[3]
The structure of Daniel 6 itself is as well in the form of a chiasm:[13]
- A. Introduction: Daniel's success (vv.one–iii)
- B. Darius'southward edict and Daniel's response (vv.4–10)
- C. Daniel'south opponents plot his death (vv.11–xv)
- D. Darius hopes for Daniel'southward deliverance (vv.xvi–eighteen)
- D'. Darius witnesses Daniel's deliverance (vv.nineteen–23)
- C'. Daniel'southward opponents sentenced to death (v.24)
- C. Daniel'south opponents plot his death (vv.11–xv)
- B'. Darius's edict and doxology (v.25–27)
- B. Darius'southward edict and Daniel's response (vv.4–10)
- A'. Conclusion: Daniel's success (five.28)
Rabbinic literature [edit]
Co-ordinate to Josippon, "the beasts in the den received Daniel as faithful dogs might receive their returning master, wagging their tails and licking him". The Midrash Tehillim says that "the mouth of the den was closed with a huge stone, which had rolled of itself from Palestine to Babylon for that purpose" and that "upon this stone sat an angel in the shape of a lion, so that Daniel'due south enemies might not harass him."[xiv]
Artistic representations [edit]
In visual arts [edit]
Although Daniel is sometimes depicted as a beau in illustrations of the incident, James Montgomery Boice points out that he would have been over eighty years old at the time.[1]
Painters who take depicted this incident include:
- Jan Brueghel the Younger, Daniel in the Lions' Den
- Briton Rivière, Daniel'south Answer to the King
- Peter Paul Rubens, Daniel in the Lions' Den
- Henry Ossawa Tanner, Daniel in the Lions' Den
- David Teniers the Younger, Daniel in the Lions' Den
In music [edit]
- In February 1927, the Norfolk Jubilee Quartette recorded "Daniel in the Lions' Den" on the Paramount characterization. The song bears close melodic and lyrical resemblance to "Now is the Needed Time," recorded (without reference to Daniel and the lions) in the 1950s by Sam Lightnin' Hopkins
- The 1929 gospel blues vocal "I've Got the Primal to the Kingdom" by Washington Phillips retells the story
- On February 10, 1959, in Cincinnati, the Stanley Brothers recorded "Daniel Prayed", a bluegrass retelling of the story. Originally issued on King LP 645, the song has likewise been recorded by many bluegrass state and gospel artists and groups such as Doc Watson, Boone Creek, The Isaacs, Ricky Skaggs. The Cathedrals and The Gospel Turn Boys.
- The 1964 Broadway Musical Fiddler on the Roof by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick includes a song called "Miracle of Miracles", in which Cabin, the tailor, sings "Wonder of wonders; miracle of miracles; God took a Daniel once once again, turned him around and, miracle of miracles, walked him through the lion's den."
- In 1966, the trio of Frederick McQueen, George McKenzie, and Shelton Swain released their own original song well-nigh the story, chosen "God Locked the Lion'due south Jaw," on the album The Real Bahamas (In Music And Vocal)
- Lyrics on the title rail of Bob Marley & the Wailers' 1979 album Survival reference Daniel leaving the lion'due south den.
- The front sleeve of the 1981 album past The Audio (band) From the Lions Mouth is the painting "Daniel in the Lion's Den" by Briton Riviere
- The 1982 vocal "Daniel" by Raffi on his Rise and Smoothen album
- The 1982 song "Lion'south Den" by Bruce Springsteen, beginning released on the 1998 anthology Tracks, alludes to the story
- Patty Loveless recorded the song "Daniel Prayed" featuring Ricky Skaggs for her 2001 anthology Mountain Soul album.
- The 2011 vocal "Us Against The World" by Coldplay includes the line 'My drunken hazard Daniel in a lion's den', equally a reference to existence in a bad place.
- The 2013 album Bad Blood by Guardhouse includes a track chosen "Daniel in the Den"
- The 2016 album Arts & Leisure by Walter Martin (formerly of The Walkmen) includes a rails called "Daniel in the Lion'southward Den"[15]
- Prog Metal band Dream Theater recorded the rails Paralysed on their 2019 album Distance Over Time which includes the line 'The victim, the martyr... like Daniel in the Panthera leo'due south Den, time and time over again'.
- The 2017 album Fright Not Fantasy by Joe Bribe (an unknown songwriter of Australia, residing in Honduras) will include a track chosen "Science Teacher" which begins with a reference to Daniel in the Lions' Den
- Paul White's 'Accelerator' EP features a track chosen Lion'southward Den. In the chorus featuring rapper Danny Brown references "Daniel in the panthera leo's den".
See also [edit]
- List of Hebrew Bible events
References [edit]
Citations [edit]
- ^ a b Boice 2006, p. 68.
- ^ Seow 2003, p. iii,85–86.
- ^ a b Seow 2003, p. 86-88.
- ^ Collins 1984, p. 28.
- ^ Seow 2003, p. 7-viii.
- ^ Daniel 14:28–42: New American Bible Revised Edition
- ^ Seow 2003, p. 85-86.
- ^ Collins 1984, p. 29,34–35.
- ^ Redditt 2008, p. 176-177.
- ^ Wesselius 2002, p. 295.
- ^ Redditt 2008, p. 180.
- ^ Redditt 2008, p. 177.
- ^ Goldingay 1989, p. 124.
- ^ Daniel, Jewish Encyclopedia (1906).
- ^ "Us Confronting the World – Coldplay". Retrieved 2018-01-07 .
Bibliography [edit]
- Boice, James Montgomery (2006). Daniel: An Expositional Commentary. Baker Books. ISBN9780801066412.
- Collins, John J. (1984). Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. ISBN9780802800206.
- Collins, John J. (2002). "Current Issues in the Written report of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flintstone, Peter Due west.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN9004116753.
- Goldingay, John Eastward. (1989). Daniel. Word Books.
- Redditt, Paul L. (2008). Introduction to the Prophets. Eerdmans. ISBN9780802828965.
- Seow, C.L. (2003). Daniel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN9780664256753.
- Wesselius, Jan-Wim (2002). "The Writing of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN0391041282.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den
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